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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture for glaucoma-induced optic atrophy.@*METHODS@#A total of 70 patients (89 affected eyes) with glaucoma-induced optic atrophy were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 35 cases in each group. The control group was given basic western medicine treatment. In the observation group, on the basis of the treatment in the control group, acupuncture was applied at main acupoints i.e. Baihui (GV 20), Shangjingming (Extra), Chengqi (ST 1), Fengchi (GB 20), Zusanli (ST 36), combined with supplementary acupoints based on syndrome differentiation, once every three days, twice a week. The treatment for 3 months was required in both groups. Before treatment, after treatment and in follow-up of 6 months after treatment, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), indexes of visual field (visual field index [VFI], mean deviation [MD], pattern standard deviation [PSD]) and mean thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) were observed in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, BCVA was decreased after treatment and in follow-up in the control group (P<0.05); in the follow-up, BCVA in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). On each time point before and after treatment, there was no significant difference within or between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment and in the follow-up, the mean thickness of RNFL was larger than the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#On the basis of the basic western medicine treatment, acupuncture can delay the decline of vision and the thinning of retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with glaucoma-induced optic atrophy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Retinal Ganglion Cells , Glaucoma/therapy , Optic Atrophy/therapy , Intraocular Pressure , Acupuncture TherapyABSTRACT
The authors regret for the changes in Fig. 6 as follow: [Figure presented] Fig. 6. HPLC-ELSD chromatograms of ten Anoectochilus, four Goodyera and one Ludisia species on AQ-C
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Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is the treasure of our culture, and TCM theory is the core of traditional Chinese medicine. Many of its concepts can be unified and balanced with modern functional food ideas. Even in ancient days, people had already found that medicine and food have the same source. Nowadays, homology between drug and food has been accepted widely. Astragali Radix and some other herbs have been used both as food and medicine, with a variety of bio-active substances, so such herbs can be used as characteristics resources to be developed into functional food. It's a combination of traditional medicine and modern ideas. Flavonoids, polysaccharides and saponins, the main compositions of Astragali Radix, can keep intestinal microenvironment homeostasis and human health by influencing the population structure, metabolism and intestinal cell function of intestinal flora. On the other hand, intestinal flora is also involved in the absorption, metabolism, transformation and other steps of these active ingredients in the body, which has an impact on their effectiveness and improves their bioavailability, playing an essential role in the relevant mechanism of their effectiveness. In this paper, we summarize the interaction between the above three functional ingredients in Astragali Radix and intestinal flora, sum up the interaction between these three functional ingredients of other homologous drugs and intestinal flora, provide a theoretical basis for the mechanism and application of functional food materials, and propose some suggestions and prospects for their future development.
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Humans , Astragalus Plant , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Functional Food , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Medicine, Chinese TraditionalABSTRACT
Associated with the aging of our world population is a sharp increase in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease, which not only poses a significant health issue but also presents a serious social problem. Although pharmacological treatments were developed based on existing hypotheses, the disease pathogenesis remains to be fully elucidated. Given the complexity of Alzheimer's disease, Chinese herbal medicine appears to have therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease through multi-target and multi-pathway approach at cellular and molecular levels and holistic adjustment of the body at organ system levels. Recently, a significant breakthrough has been made in the research of Chinese medicine for Alzheimer's disease. In this article, we review the experimental research progress in understanding how Chinese medicine could be used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Humans , Alzheimer Disease , Drug Therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Phytochemicals , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
Background Functional magnetic resonance imaging technique based on a manganese (Mn2+) tracer makes labeling the optic nerve in vivo possible.However studies on the optimal concentration and dynamic change after injection of Mn2+ are rare.Objective This study was designed to explore the time- and dose-dependent response for Mn2+-enhanced MRI of visual pathway after intravitreal injection of MnCl2.Methods Different concentrations of MnCl2(0.5,1,2,5,10,15,20,40mmol/L) with a volume of 25μl were intravitreally injected into the left eyes of 48 pigmented rabbits and were randomly divided into eight groups according to the drug concentrations.No reagent reg was injected into the right eyes as controls.MRI was performed at 4,6,8,12,24,48,96 and 168 hours after the administration of MnCl2 to examine the imaging of the optic nerve,chiasma,optic tract,lateral geniculate body and epithalamus.The signal-noise ratio of MRI in visual pathway was calculated and the optimal concentration and best imaging time after injection of MnCl2 were assessed.The use of the animals followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results The imaging of the optical nerve in the left eyes was enhanced in comparison with the right eyes 24 hours after injection of 0.5-1 mmol/L MnCl2 with a significant difference in SNR value between these two groups (t=1.17,t=0.95,P>0.05).24 hours after the injection of 2 mmol/L MnCl2 into the left eyes,the SNR value of the optic nerve on the left side was higher than the right side t=8.43,P0.05).The strongest imaging signal in optical nerve was seen in 24 hours after the intravitreal injection of 10-40 mmol/L MnCl2 and decayed gradually from 24 to 168 hours with a transportation speed of (3.32±0.19) mm/h in rabbit visual pathway.SNR value of optic nerve showed a positive correlation with the concentrations of MnCl2 with the regression equation Y=77.786+2.467X(F=20.102,P=0.004,R2=0.770).Conclusion Manganese-enhanced MRI is a viable method for temporospatial visualization of optic never in the pigmented rabbits.The image intensity of MRI is associated with the dose of Mn2+.
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Background Corneal contact lens have been widely used in vitrectomy.The corneal ring accompanying with the contact lens therefore is also much concerned.We designed a sutureless silicone corneal ring to renew a suturing?ring,but its detection of physicochemical properties and hiocompatihility is necessary for clinical application. Objective This study was to investigate the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of the newly designed sutureless silicone corneal ring. Methods The Shore hardness,tensile stress-strain tests,tear strength,transmittance and the haze of the novel silicone ring were tested.The bioeompatibility of sutureless silicone corneal ring to corneal epithelial cells was evaluated by determining cytotoxieity.The ring was implanted into the counjunctival soc of 6 Japanese white rabbits for 4 hours to determine its stimulation response by measuring the area of corneal fluorescence staining,and then the ring was placed on the skin surface of 6 SD rats for 4 hours to assess the presence of allergic reaction by calculating the swelling area of skin. Results The new sutureless silicone corneal ring showed good physiological features with a Shore hardness of 63.4 degree,tensile strength more than 5.86 MPa,elongation＞100%and tear strength 34 kN/m.The transmittance of 3 legs in the ring was more than 93%;however,the haze was less than 0.1%.Cytotoxicity of the ring was 3.1 1×10-6%.No obvious corneal fluorescence staining was seen at any time point in all the rabbit eyes in the stimulating test.Furthermore,there was not any skin swelling in various time points in all the SD rats in the allergy test. Conclusion The physicochemical properties of the silastic used in our newly designed sutureless silicone cornea ring can meet the demands of the ring.The biological evaluation complies with the ISO i0993-1 international standards and meets the demands of the organism.Thus,it is all ideal material to use in constructing the corneal ring.
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Objective: To compare the functions of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) differentiated from cryopreserved and fresh bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (MNCs). Methods: The bone marrow samples were taken from swine iliac bones. The isolated MNCs were cultured or cryopreserved at -80°C for 3 months and then cultured again. The P1-EPCs were identifed by Dil-ac-LDL and FITC-UEA-1 double staining, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The EPC pick-up rate, migration, adhesion, and proliferation abilities were compared between the cryopreserved group and the fresh group. Results: Immunohistochemisty showed that the P1-EPCs of the cryopreserved group were positive for CD133 (+), CD34 (+), CD31 (++) and KDR (++); flow cytometry also showed they were positive for CD133 ([17.24 ± 3.12]%), CD34 ([37.21 ± 10.85]%), CD31 ([72.07±13.34]%) and KDR ([89.09±16.40]%). There were no significant differences in the pick-up rates ([1.1±0.078]% vs [1.03±0.061]%, P = 0.054), migration rates ([15±0.71]% vs [14.2±0.63]%, P = 0.17), adherence rates ([42.7±2.1]% vs [39.5±1.7]%, P = 0.11), and proliferation abilities ([25.06±2.82] × 104 vs [21.64± 2.34]×104, P = 0.089) between EPCs of the fresh and cryopreserved groups. Conclusion: Cryopreservation has no measurable influence on the numbers and functions of EPCs differentiated from bone marrow-derived MNCs, so cryopreservation can be used to obtain sufficient homogeneous EPCs in a short period for therapy using EPCs transplantation.
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Objective: To optimize the culture condition for porcine bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), so as to lay a foundation for future study. Methods: Bone marrow was collected from porcine ilium (n = 5). Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were separated by density centrifugation and were induced to differentiate into EPCs in vitro. The influences of different cell inoculation densities (2 × 103/cm2, 5 × 103/cm2, 1 × 104/cm2, and 2 × 104/cm2), basic medium (EGM, medium 199, and DMEM), FBS (5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%), and combinations of cytokines (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]+ basic fibroblast growth factor [bFGF], VEGF+stromal-derived factor [SDF], VEGF+bFGF+SDF, VEGF+bFGF+ insulin-like growth factor [IGF]+ epidermal growth factor [EGF], and VEGF+bFGF+SDF+IGF) on the proliferation and migration of EPCs were evaluated. EPCs were identified by morphology observation, fluorescent staining, and immunohistochemical method. Results: EPCs with the highest proliferation and migration ability were obtained under following condition: at a density of 1 × 104/cm 2 in M199 medium supplemented with 10% FBS and VEGF+bFGF+SDF+IGF. Furthermore, the percentage of double positive cells stained by Dil-ac-LDL and FITC-UEA-1 was higher than 76%, and these cells were also positively stained for CD133, CD34 and KDR immunohistochemically. Conclusion: Optimization of in vitro culture condition of porcine EPCs can increase the cell amount and improve their functions, paving a way for future related studies.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of macrocalyxin A (MA) on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in HL-60 cells and explore its possible mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Different concentration of MA were used to treat HL-60 cells. Proliferation inhibition was analyzed by Trypan blue staining and MTT assay, cell apoptosis by cell morphology, DNA content, cell cycle analysis, Annexin-V/PI and Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining. The differentiation of HL-60 cells was evaluated by cell morphology, NBT tests and expression of CD11b, CD13, CD14. The expressions of bcl-2, bax, Fas, P53, mitochondrial transmembrane-potential (DeltaPsim) and mitochondrial membrane protein were analyzed by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MA could inhibit HL-60 cells proliferation capacity in a time-and dose-effect, with a 24 h IC50 value of 8.76 microg/ml, 48 h of 7.17 microg/ml and 72 h of 7.14 microg/ml. The HL-60 cells apoptosis was confirmed by cell morphology, sub-G1 phase and Annexin-V/PI labeling in a time and dose dependent manner. The more mature HL-60 cells were a with higher positivity of NBT and expressions of CD11b than those cultured without MA. The expression of bax was increased, while bcl-2, P53, Fas were unchanged on the MA treatment. MA could increase the expression of mitochondrial membrane protein in a dose-dependent manner while the DeltaPsim was reduced.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MA can inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation and apoptosis of the HL-60 cells. The mechanism may be related with up-regulating bax, opening the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and reducing DeltaPsim.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Cell Differentiation , Cell Proliferation , Diterpenes , Pharmacology , HL-60 CellsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the value of dynamic subtraction technique of magnetic resonance imaging MRI in preoperative TNM-staging assessment of gastric carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MRI was performed in 39 patients with gastric carcinoma diagnosed by postoperative pathology.The results of MRI were prospectively analyzed by one professor and compared with the corresponding pathological findings.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In comparison with pathological results, the accuracy of MRI for T stage was 82.1%, for N stage was 71.8%, and for M stage was 84.6% respectively. The accuracy of MRI for TNM stage was 71.8%, which revealed concordance between the preoperative TNM-staging and postoperative pathological findings (Kappa= 0.671-0.763, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MRI plays an important role in the assessment of invasion depth of gastric carcinoma, lymph node and distant organ metastases,which has unique priority in preoperative TNM-staging assessment of gastric carcinoma.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Methods , Neoplasm Staging , Retrospective Studies , Stomach Neoplasms , PathologyABSTRACT
The aim of study was to investigate the mechanism of N, N'-di-(m-methylphenyl)-3, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-dihydro-1, 2, 4, 5-tetrazine-1, 4-dicarboamide (ZGDHu-1) inducing apoptosis in SHI-1 human leukemia cell line. Different concentrations of ZGDHu-1 and different times of culture were used to treat SHI-1 cells; the apoptosis of SHI-1 cells was analyzed by morphology, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA content detection, Annexin-V/PI and Hoechst33258 labeling method, the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Delta Psi m) were measured by dihydrorhodamin 123, and expressions of bcl-2, bax, Fas, p53 and mitochondrial membrane protein were analyzed by flow cytometry, while the bcl-2, bax and p53 gene were analyzed by RT-PCR. The transcriptional level of hTERT-mRNA was measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that after exposure to ZGDHu-1, SHI-1 cells were induced to apoptosis in a time-and does-dependent manner. SHI-1 cell apoptosis was confirmed by typical cell morphology, DNA fragmentation, sub-G(1) phase, Hoechst33258 and Annexin-V/PI labeling etc. The expression of bax, bax/bcl-2, p53 and Fas gene significantly increased and bcl-2 slightly decreased. ZGDHu-1 could increased the expression of mitochondrial membrane protein in a dose-dependent manner while Delta Psi m reduced. The expression of hTERT-mRNA significantly decreased. It is concluded that ZGDHu-1 can up-regulate the expression of p53, bax and bax/bcl-2. The mitochondrial pathway mediated by descent of mitochondrial transmembrane potential may be one of the mechanisms inducing apoptosis by ZGDHu-1, in which Fas gene also participates. Telomerase may be an effective gene target for anti-tumour effect of ZGDHu-1.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Antineoplastic Agents , Pharmacology , Apoptosis , Cell Line, Tumor , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring , Pharmacology , Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute , Pathology , Mice, Nude , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Metabolism , Telomerase , Metabolism , Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 , Metabolism , bcl-2-Associated X Protein , MetabolismABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of N, N'-di-(m-methylphenyi)-3, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-dihydro-1, 2, 4, 5-tetrazine-1, 4-dicarboamide (ZGDHu-1) on proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis in NB4 human leukemia cell line and its possible mechanism. Different concentrations of ZGDHu-1 and the different time of cultivation were used to treat NB4 cells. The proliferation inhibition of NB4 cells was analysed by cell counting, alive cell count, MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by cell morphology, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA content, Annexin-V/PI and Hoechst 33258 labeling method. The analysis of cell morphological change, expression of CD11b, CD13 and NBT reduction were performed to evaluate the differentiation of NB4 cells. The expressions of bcl-2, bax and phosphorylated p38MAPK or STAT3 were detected by flow cytometry. While the expression of hTERT mRNA in transcriptional level was measured by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that ZGDHu-1 could inhibit NB4 cell proliferation viability within a certain range of treating time and does, IC(50) values at 48 and 72 hours were 450 ng/ml and 200 ng/ml respectively. A majority of NB4 cells were arrested in G(2/M) phase and a progressive decline of cells was seen in G(0/1). The NB4 cells apoptosis was confirmed by cell typical cell morphology, DNA fragments and sub-G(1) phase peak as well as Hoechst33258 and Annexin-V/PI labeling method with a time-dose-related manner. The morphology of NB4 cells cultured in the presence of 2 - 100 ng/ml ZGDHu-1 for three days was more mature with higher NBT positivity and expressions of CD11b and CD13 than those in control. The expression of phosphor-p38MAPK and bax was increased while phosphor-STAT3 and bcl-2 were unchanged by the treatment of ZGDHu-1. ZGDHu-1 could decrease the expression of hTERT-mRNA in a dose-dependent manner. It is concluded that ZGDHu-1 can inhibit proliferation, induce differentiation and apoptosis of NB4 cells. The mechanism may be associated with up-regulation of bax expression, enhancement of phosphor-p38MAPK activation and inhibition of hTERT-mRNA.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antineoplastic Agents , Pharmacology , Apoptosis , Cell Proliferation , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic , Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring , Pharmacology , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute , Pathology , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
To investigate the possible mechanisms of nitric oxide (NO)-induced apoptosis in leukemia cell line HL-60, HL-60 cells in vitro were incubated with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the in situ cell apoptosis quantitatively was assayed by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), the cell cycle DNA and proteins expression of Bcl-2, Bax, mitochondrial membrane protein (APO2.7) were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results showed that SNP induced HL-60 cell apoptosis in a dosage- and time-dependent manner. After exposure to SNP at the concentration of 1.0 mmol/L for 48 hours, the percentage of apoptosis HL-60 was (42.2 +/- 3.5)% for subG1 and (52.5 +/- 7.6)% for TUNEL respectively, and they are significantly higher than those in control and potassium ferricyanide (PFC) groups as same concentration. During the apoptosis process, it showed a decrease of Bcl-2 protein and an increase of Bax protein and mitochondrial membrane protein in HL-60 cell, proteins of Bcl-2, Bax and mitochondrial membrane were expressed in a dosage- and time-dependent manner too. In conclusion, during the process of SNP induced apoptosis in HL-60 cell, the expression of mitochondrial membrane protein was increased, Bcl-2 and Bax proteins may be important regulators.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , HL-60 Cells , Membrane Proteins , Mitochondrial Proteins , Nitric Oxide Donors , Pharmacology , Nitroprusside , Pharmacology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 , bcl-2-Associated X ProteinABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)is caused by a new type of coronaviruses.The structure,pathogenicity,resistance of SARS-CoV and the current status and shortage of laboratory diagnosis for SARS was reviewed in this literature.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of four acute myeloid leukemia with t(3;3) translocation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bone marrow cell chromosome karyotype analysis were carried out with direct method and short-term culture and R-banding technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four AML patients with t(3;3) translocation were identified. They did not obtain complete remission after chemotherapy and the median survival time was 4.5 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>t(3;3) translocation is a rare chromosome abnormality, which has mostly been found in myeloid leukemia and the prognosis of these patients is poor.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 , Karyotyping , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Genetics , Prognosis , Translocation, GeneticABSTRACT
Natamycin is a polyene macrolide antifungal antibiotic ,which is wide ly used in the food industry in order to prevent mould contamination .Biosynthe s is gene cluster of natamycin is discovered by the overall of progress in molecul ar biology of natamycin, including 16 open reading frames which includes the gen e for 26-member ring formation of natamycin (pimS0-pimS4 ) and the modifying gene s, and the function of the protein including polyketide synthases(PKSs)、PimD、P imJ、PimK were studied